Injuries in martial arts: a comparison of five styles
Identifieur interne : 000613 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000612; suivant : 000614Injuries in martial arts: a comparison of five styles
Auteurs : M N Zetaruk [Canada] ; M A Violán [Espagne] ; D. Zurakowski [États-Unis] ; L J Micheli [États-Unis]Source :
- British Journal of Sports Medicine [ 0306-3674 ] ; 2005-01.
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Abstract
Objective: To compare five martial arts with respect to injury outcomes. Methods: A one year retrospective cohort was studied using an injury survey. Data on 263 martial arts participants (Shotokan karate, n = 114; aikido, n = 47; tae kwon do, n = 49; kung fu, n = 39; tai chi, n = 14) were analysed. Predictor variables included age, sex, training frequency (⩽3 h/week v >3 h/week), experience (<3 years v ⩾3 years), and martial art style. Outcome measures were injuries requiring time off from training, major injuries (⩾7 days off), multiple injuries (⩾3), body region, and type of injury. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between styles, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: The rate of injuries, expressed as percentage of participants sustaining an injury that required time off training a year, varied according to style: 59% tae kwon do, 51% aikido, 38% kung fu, 30% karate, and 14% tai chi. There was a threefold increased risk of injury and multiple injury in tae kwon do than karate (p<0.001). Subjects ⩾18 years of age were at greater risk of injury than younger ones (p<0.05; OR 3.95; CI 1.48 to 9.52). Martial artists with at least three years experience were twice as likely to sustain injury than less experienced students (p<0.005; OR 2.46; CI 1.51 to 4.02). Training >3 h/week was also a significant predictor of injury (p<0.05; OR 1.85; CI 1.13 to 3.05). Compared with karate, the risks of head/neck injury, upper extremity injury, and soft tissue injury were all higher in aikido (p<0.005), and the risks of head/neck, groin, and upper and lower extremity injuries were higher in tae kwon do (p<0.001). No sex differences were found for any of the outcomes studied. Conclusions: There is a higher rate of injury in tae kwon do than Shotokan karate. Different martial arts have significantly different types and distribution of injuries. Martial arts appear to be safe for young athletes, particularly those at beginner or intermediate levels.
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DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.010322
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Zurakowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Micheli, L J" sort="Micheli, L J" uniqKey="Micheli L" first="L J" last="Micheli">L J Micheli</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">British Journal of Sports Medicine</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Br J Sports Med</title><idno type="ISSN">0306-3674</idno><idno type="eISSN">1473-0480</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine</publisher><date type="published" when="2005-01">2005-01</date><biblScope unit="vol">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="29">29</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0306-3674</idno></series><idno type="istex">77FC7414F378376E4622639A1DDF5631BA255604</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bjsm.2003.010322</idno><idno type="href">bjsports-39-29.pdf</idno><idno type="PMID">15618336</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0306-3674</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>epidemiology</term><term>injuries</term><term>martial arts</term><term>prevention</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Objective: To compare five martial arts with respect to injury outcomes. Methods: A one year retrospective cohort was studied using an injury survey. Data on 263 martial arts participants (Shotokan karate, n = 114; aikido, n = 47; tae kwon do, n = 49; kung fu, n = 39; tai chi, n = 14) were analysed. Predictor variables included age, sex, training frequency (⩽3 h/week v >3 h/week), experience (<3 years v ⩾3 years), and martial art style. Outcome measures were injuries requiring time off from training, major injuries (⩾7 days off), multiple injuries (⩾3), body region, and type of injury. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between styles, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: The rate of injuries, expressed as percentage of participants sustaining an injury that required time off training a year, varied according to style: 59% tae kwon do, 51% aikido, 38% kung fu, 30% karate, and 14% tai chi. There was a threefold increased risk of injury and multiple injury in tae kwon do than karate (p<0.001). Subjects ⩾18 years of age were at greater risk of injury than younger ones (p<0.05; OR 3.95; CI 1.48 to 9.52). Martial artists with at least three years experience were twice as likely to sustain injury than less experienced students (p<0.005; OR 2.46; CI 1.51 to 4.02). Training >3 h/week was also a significant predictor of injury (p<0.05; OR 1.85; CI 1.13 to 3.05). Compared with karate, the risks of head/neck injury, upper extremity injury, and soft tissue injury were all higher in aikido (p<0.005), and the risks of head/neck, groin, and upper and lower extremity injuries were higher in tae kwon do (p<0.001). No sex differences were found for any of the outcomes studied. Conclusions: There is a higher rate of injury in tae kwon do than Shotokan karate. Different martial arts have significantly different types and distribution of injuries. Martial arts appear to be safe for young athletes, particularly those at beginner or intermediate levels.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Manitoba</li><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Winnipeg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Manitoba</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Canada"><region name="Manitoba"><name sortKey="Zetaruk, M N" sort="Zetaruk, M N" uniqKey="Zetaruk M" first="M N" last="Zetaruk">M N Zetaruk</name></region></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Violan, M A" sort="Violan, M A" uniqKey="Violan M" first="M A" last="Violán">M A Violán</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Zurakowski, D" sort="Zurakowski, D" uniqKey="Zurakowski D" first="D" last="Zurakowski">D. Zurakowski</name></region><name sortKey="Micheli, L J" sort="Micheli, L J" uniqKey="Micheli L" first="L J" last="Micheli">L J Micheli</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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